Due to the widespread prevalence of cell phone usage, it is pertinent that pregnant women are informed of any significant risks involving usage, to either themselves or the fetus. The good news is there is no solid evidence that cell phone usage harms the fetus. Unfortunately, there is evidence that suggests untoward effects as well.
There is one major study regarding this subject. This study found that prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phones was associated with behavioral problems (hyperactivity, emotional problems, conduct problems, and peer problems) in children. The odds of behavioral problems were higher for those exposed prenatally, and compounded by exposure both prenatal and postnatal. This does not mean that cell phone usage actually causes these behavioral problems, but there does seem to be some correlation. (1)
A follow-up study has found that cell phone usage during pregnancy leads to higher mental development scores and lower psychomotor development scores. Again this is simply association not causation. (2) Further studies are warranted, and will shed light on possible adverse effects. There have been some animal studies done that report no adverse effects due to exposure to electromagnetic radiation from cell phones during pregnancy. However, results from animal studies cannot be safely extrapolated to humans. (3)
Thus, until more evidence is obtained it is best if cell phone usage is limited during pregnancy to protect the fetus from any harm that may be associated with it.
The verdict on whether or not cell phones may cause brain tumors in the general population is still up for debate. There have been numerous studies done, but the results are conflicting. Some studies say there is increased risk of brain tumors due to cell phone usage, while others present opposing results. It is interesting to note that, there seems to be more reports of negative effects such as brain tumors from studies funded independently from the cell phone industry. However, for now there is no clear answer; it is best to err on the side of caution, especially while pregnant.
Remember the population potentially most at risk: infants and children.
References:
1. Divan, H. A., L. Kheifets, et al. (2008). "Prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phone use and behavioral problems in children." Epidemiology 19(4): 523-529.
2. Vrijheid, M., D. Martinez, et al. (2010). "Prenatal exposure to cell phone use and neurodevelopment at 14 months." Epidemiology 21(2): 259-262.
3. Takahashi, S., N. Imai, et al. (2010). "Lack of adverse effects of whole-body exposure to a mobile telecommunication electromagnetic field on the rat fetus." Radiat Res 173(3): 362-372.
